What is REST?

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REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style used for designing networked applications, especially web services. It relies on a stateless, client-server communication model and uses standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE to interact with resources.

In REST, resources represent data or objects (e.g., users, posts, products), and each resource is accessed through a unique URL (Uniform Resource Locator). For example, /api/users/ might represent a collection of users, and /api/users/1/ a specific user.

Key principles of REST:

1. Stateless:
   Each request from the client must contain all the information needed for the server to process it. The server does not store any client context between requests.

2. Client-Server Architecture:
   The client and server are independent. The client handles the user interface, while the server handles data processing and storage.

3. Uniform Interface:
   A consistent and standard way of interacting with resources using HTTP methods:

   • GET: Retrieve data

   • POST: Create new data

   • PUT: Update existing data completely

   • PATCH: Update part of the data

   • DELETE: Remove data

4. Resource-Based:
   Everything is treated as a resource and is accessed via a URL.

5. Representation:
   Data is usually returned in formats like JSON or XML, which represent the resource’s current state.

6. Stateless and Cacheable:
   Responses can be explicitly marked as cacheable or not, improving performance.

REST is widely used because it is simple, scalable, and works seamlessly with HTTP, making it a popular choice for APIs in modern web development.

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