What are migrations in Django?

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In Django, migrations are a way to propagate changes you make to your models (Python classes that define your database schema) into your actual database structure.

When you modify a model—such as adding a new field, changing a field type, or deleting a model—Django doesn’t automatically change the database. Instead, you use the migration system to create and apply these changes.

There are two main steps in using migrations:

1. Make Migrations (python manage.py makemigrations):
   This command tells Django to detect changes in your models.py files and create migration files (Python scripts) in the migrations/ directory of each app. These files describe the changes that need to be made to the database schema.

2. Apply Migrations (python manage.py migrate):
   This command actually applies the changes described in the migration files to the database. It updates the database schema accordingly.

Django keeps track of which migrations have been applied using a special database table called django_migrations.

Migrations can handle operations like creating or altering tables, adding or removing fields, changing indexes, and more. Django also supports data migrations, which let you modify data in addition to schema.

Migrations are crucial for keeping your database schema in sync with your models, especially in team environments or when deploying updates. They ensure consistency and allow version control over database changes.

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