What are static files and how are they managed in Django?

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Static files in Django refer to files like CSS, JavaScript, images, fonts, and other assets that don’t change dynamically—they’re served as-is to the client’s browser to enhance the frontend experience.

How Django Manages Static Files:

1. Static Files Location:
   By default, Django looks for static files in a folder named static/ inside each app, and also in directories listed in the STATICFILES_DIRS setting.

2. Settings Configuration:

   • STATIC_URL: The URL prefix to access static files (e.g., /static/).

   • STATICFILES_DIRS: A list of additional directories (outside apps) where Django will search for static files during development.

   • STATIC_ROOT: The single directory where all static files are collected for deployment.

3. Development Mode:
   During development, Django’s built-in development server automatically serves static files using the staticfiles app.

4. Collectstatic Command:
   For production, Django uses the collectstatic management command to gather all static files from each app’s static/ folder and from STATICFILES_DIRS into the STATIC_ROOT directory. This centralizes files for efficient serving by a web server (e.g., Nginx).

5. Serving Static Files in Production:
   Django itself doesn’t serve static files in production. Instead, a dedicated web server (Nginx, Apache, or CDN) serves files from the STATIC_ROOT directory.

Summary:

Static files are essential frontend assets. Django provides a flexible system to organize, find, and collect these files, ensuring smooth development and scalable production deployment.

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