What are environment variables?

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Environment variables are dynamic key-value pairs used by the operating system and applications to store configuration settings. They allow programs to access system-level information without hardcoding it into the application, promoting flexibility and security.

Common Uses:

• Storing sensitive data like API keys, database credentials, or secret tokens.

• Defining settings like environment type (development, production), ports, file paths, or URLs

Why Use Them:

1. Separation of config from code: Keeps source code clean and generic.

2. Security: Sensitive data isn’t stored directly in the codebase.

3. Portability: Apps can run in different environments without changes to the code.

In Deployment:
Environment variables are essential in cloud deployments, CI/CD pipelines, Docker, and Kubernetes. For example:

• In Docker, you can pass env variables using the -e flag or via an .env file.

• In Kubernetes, they can be defined in pod configurations or secrets.

Best Practices:

• Never commit environment variables to version control.

• Use tools like .env files with dotenv libraries during development.

• Use secret managers (AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault) for production environments.

In short, environment variables make applications more secure, maintainable, and environment-agnostic.

Read More

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