What are common web security threats?

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Common web security threats target vulnerabilities in web applications to steal data, disrupt services, or gain unauthorized access. Key threats include:

1. SQL Injection: Attackers insert malicious SQL code into input fields, manipulating databases to steal, alter, or delete data.

2. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Malicious scripts are injected into trusted websites, executed in users’ browsers to steal cookies, hijack sessions, or deface content.

3. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): Attackers trick authenticated users into submitting unwanted requests, causing actions without their consent.

4. Broken Authentication: Weak authentication mechanisms allow attackers to compromise user accounts via credential stuffing, brute force, or session hijacking.

5. Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR): Exposing internal objects (files, database records) through unprotected URLs lets attackers access unauthorized data.

6. Security Misconfiguration: Default settings, unnecessary features, or misconfigured servers expose vulnerabilities.

7. Sensitive Data Exposure: Poor encryption or mishandling of sensitive info (passwords, credit cards) leads to data leaks.

8. Remote Code Execution (RCE): Attackers execute arbitrary code on servers, gaining full control.

9. Denial of Service (DoS): Overloading servers with requests to make services unavailable.

10. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM): Intercepting communication between client and server to steal or alter data.

Mitigating these threats involves secure coding, input validation, encryption, regular updates, and comprehensive testing. Awareness and best practices are key to robust web security.

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