How do you implement user authentication in Django?

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Implementing user authentication in Django involves using its built-in authentication system, which handles user login, logout, password management, and session handling efficiently.

1. Setup:
   Django comes with django.contrib.auth enabled by default. Ensure it’s included in your INSTALLED_APPS in settings.py.

2. User Model:
   Django provides a default User model with fields like username, password, email, etc. You can use this or create a custom user model by subclassing AbstractUser or AbstractBaseUser if you need custom fields.

3. User Registration:
   Create a registration form (using UserCreationForm or a custom form) that collects username, password, and other info. Save the new user with form.save() which hashes the password.

4. Login:
   Use Django’s built-in authenticate() function to verify credentials and login() to establish a user session:

5. Logout:
   Call logout(request) to clear the session and log the user out.

6. Access Control:
   Use decorators like @login_required to protect views, or check request.user.is_authenticated in templates/views.

7. Password Management:
   Django provides views and forms for password reset, change, and confirmation flows.

8. Templates:
   Use context variables like {{ user.is_authenticated }} to customize templates based on login status.

By leveraging Django’s authentication framework, you get secure, scalable user authentication with minimal setup and customizable options.

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