What is the difference between id and class in HTML/CSS?

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In HTML and CSS, id and class are attributes used to identify and style elements, but they serve different purposes and have key differences:

1. Uniqueness:

   • id: Must be unique within an HTML document. Only one element can have a particular id. It’s used to uniquely identify a single element.

   • class: Can be shared by multiple elements. Many elements can have the same class, allowing you to group and style them together.

2. Usage in CSS:

   • id selector: Uses the # symbol (e.g., #header). Because ids are unique, styles applied with an id selector target a single element.

   • class selector: Uses the . symbol (e.g., .button). Styles with a class selector can apply to multiple elements.

3. Specificity:

   • CSS specificity determines which styles take precedence. An id selector has higher specificity than a class selector, so if there’s a conflict, the id styles override class styles.

4. JavaScript Access:

   • id: Used to quickly select an element with document.getElementById().

   • class: Used to select elements with document.getElementsByClassName() or document.querySelectorAll().

5. Semantic Meaning:

• id is often used to identify a single key element (like a header or footer).

• class is better suited for grouping elements with similar styling or behavior (e.g., buttons, cards).

Here, main-header uniquely identifies the div, while header and large-text can be shared by other elements.

In summary, use id for unique elements and class for reusable styles across multiple elements.

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