How do you handle user authentication and authorization in Django?
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In Django, user authentication and authorization are handled through its built-in authentication system, which provides a secure and extensible framework for managing users, permissions, and access control.
Authentication verifies a user's identity. Django includes a default User model, login/logout views, and authentication backends. To authenticate a user, you typically use authenticate() and login() functions.
This logs the user in and creates a session.
Authorization controls access to parts of the application. Django uses permissions, groups, and the @login_required and @permission_required decorators to enforce access rules.
Custom permissions can be added to models and checked using user.has_perm('app_label.permission_code').
Django also supports custom user models and authentication backends for more complex requirements, such as using email instead of username or integrating with third-party systems.
For frontend control, template tags like {% if user.is_authenticated %} help conditionally display content.
In summary, Django provides a complete, customizable authentication and authorization system that supports everything from simple login to complex access control.
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