How do you design a one-to-many and many-to-many relationship in Django models?

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In Django, relationships between models are defined using field types like ForeignKey, ManyToManyField, and OneToOneField.

One-to-Many Relationship

A one-to-many relationship is modeled using a ForeignKey. For example, if each Book is written by one Author, but each Author can write many Books:

  • ForeignKey is added on the "many" side (Book) pointing to the "one" side (Author).

  • on_delete=models.CASCADE ensures that deleting an Author will also delete their Books.

Many-to-Many Relationship

A many-to-many relationship is modeled using a ManyToManyField. For example, if each Student can enroll in many Courses, and each Course can have many Students:

  • ManyToManyField can be placed on either model.

  • Django automatically creates an intermediary join table unless a custom one is defined.

For more control, such as adding extra fields to the relationship, define an explicit through model:

This approach provides flexibility and follows Django's ORM best practices.

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