What are the key differences between Flask, Django, and FastAPI?

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Flask, Django, and FastAPI are popular Python web frameworks, each with distinct philosophies and strengths:

1. Flask:

• Type: Micro-framework

• Philosophy: Minimalistic and flexible; provides core tools and lets developers choose extensions.

• Use case: Great for small to medium projects or when you want full control over components.

• Features: No built-in ORM or admin; you add only what you need.

• Learning curve: Gentle, very beginner-friendly.

• Performance: Moderate; sufficient for many applications but less optimized for async.

2. Django:

• Type: Full-stack, “batteries-included” framework

• Philosophy: Convention over configuration; comes with built-in ORM, admin panel, authentication, and many tools out-of-the-box.

• Use case: Ideal for large, complex projects that benefit from rapid development with lots of ready-made features.

• Features: Includes templating, ORM, authentication, admin interface, and security features by default.

• Learning curve: Steeper due to its comprehensive feature set.

• Performance: Synchronous by default; async support is evolving but not core yet.

3. FastAPI:

• Type: Modern, high-performance framework

• Philosophy: Designed for building APIs quickly with automatic docs and validation using Python type hints.

• Use case: Best for asynchronous, high-performance REST APIs and microservices.

• Features: Async-first, automatic OpenAPI docs, Pydantic for data validation, dependency injection system.

• Learning curve: Moderate; familiarity with async Python helps.

• Performance: Very high, thanks to async support and Starlette/ASGI under the hood.

Summary: Flask is simple and flexible; Django is feature-rich and structured; Fast API excels at fast, async API development with modern Python features.

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