What is the Django ORM, and how does it work?

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The Django ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) is a powerful feature of the Django web framework that allows developers to interact with databases using Python objects instead of raw SQL queries.

How it works:

  1. Model Definition:
    You define models as Python classes, where each class represents a database table, and each class attribute represents a column.

  2. Schema Generation:
    Django uses the model definitions to generate SQL tables. You run python manage.py makemigrations and migrate to create or update the database schema.

  3. Querying Data:
    The ORM translates Python queries into SQL.This is converted into a SQL SELECT query behind the scenes.

  4. CRUD Operations:
    You can perform create, read, update, and delete operations using Python:

    • Create: Book.objects.create(title="New Book", author="Jane Doe")

    • Update: book.title = "Updated Title"; book.save()

    • Delete: book.delete()

  5. Relationships:
    Django ORM supports foreign keys, many-to-many, and one-to-one relationships using simple Python class fields.
  6. Database Agnostic:
    The ORM abstracts the database backend, so you can switch between SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, etc., with minimal changes.
In summary, Django ORM simplifies database interactions, improves code readability, and enforces a clean separation between business logic and data access.

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