What are some common security best practices in web development?

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Some common security best practices in web development help protect applications from threats like data breaches, injection attacks, and unauthorized access. Here are key practices:

1. Input Validation and Sanitization

• Always validate and sanitize user input to prevent SQL injection, XSS (Cross-Site Scripting), and command injection attacks.

• Use whitelisting rather than blacklisting.

2. Use HTTPS

• Enforce HTTPS to encrypt data in transit, protecting against man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks.

• Obtain valid SSL/TLS certificates.

3. Authentication and Authorization

• Implement strong authentication (e.g., multi-factor authentication).

• Use role-based access control to limit user permissions.

• Never store plaintext passwords; always hash and salt passwords using secure algorithms like bcrypt.

4. Secure Session Management

• Use secure, HTTP-only cookies for session IDs.

• Set proper session timeouts and regenerate session tokens after login.

5. Data Protection

• Encrypt sensitive data at rest using strong encryption algorithms.

• Avoid exposing sensitive information in URLs or error messages.

6. Prevent CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)

• Use anti-CSRF tokens for form submissions and state-changing requests.

7. Keep Software Up-to-Date

• Regularly update dependencies, frameworks, and libraries to patch known vulnerabilities.

8. Use Security Headers

• Implement HTTP headers like Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options.

Following these best practices helps build secure web applications and reduce the risk of exploitation.

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