What are Python modules and packages?

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In Python, modules and packages help organize code into reusable and manageable components.

✅ Modules

A module is a single Python file (.py) that contains functions, classes, or variables you can use in other programs.

Example:

Create a file called math_utils.py:

Use it in another file:

You can also import specific functions:

📦 Packages

A package is a directory that contains multiple modules and a special __init__.py file (which can be empty). The __init__.py file tells Python that this directory should be treated as a package.

Example:

You can import modules from the package:

Or import functions:

🔁 Why Use Modules and Packages?

• Modularity: Split code into logical parts.

• Reusability: Use the same code across projects.

• Maintainability: Easier to manage and update.

• Namespace management: Avoid name conflicts.

📌 Built-in and External Modules

• Built-in: Like math, os, datetime.

• External: Like numpy, requests, installed via pip.

In summary:

• A module is a single .py file.

• A package is a folder containing modules and an __init__.py.
  Both help keep your Python code organized, clean, and reusable.

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